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women in combat
Women in combat are female military personnel assigned to combat positions. This article covers the situation in major countries, provides a historical perspective, and reviews the main arguments made for and against women in combat.
==History==
(詳細はQueen Boudica, who led the Britons against Rome; Joan of Arc is the famous example).〔Bernard Cook, ''Women and War: Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present'' (2006)〕 In the First World War Russia used one all-female combat unit. In the Second World War, hundreds of thousands of British and German women served in combat roles in anti-aircraft units, where they shot down thousands of enemy aircraft. They were widely accepted because they were not at risk of capture.〔D'Ann Campbell, "Women in Combat: The World War Two Experience in the United States, Great Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union", ''Journal of Military History'' 57 (April 1993), 301-323〕 In the Soviet Union, there was large-scale use of women near the front as medical staff and political officers. The Soviets also set up all-female sniper units and combat fighter planes.〔Anna Krylova, ''Soviet Women in Combat: A History of Violence on the Eastern Front'' (2010)〕〔K. Jean Cottam, "Soviet Women in Combat in World War II: The Ground Forces and the Navy," ''International Journal of Women's Studies'' (1980) 3#4 pp 345-357〕 A few women also played combat roles in resistance movements in the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.〔K. Jean Cottam, "Soviet Women in Combat in World War II: The Rear Services, Resistance behind Enemy Lines and Military Political Workers," ''International Journal of Women's Studies'' (1982) 5#4 pp 363-378〕 After 1945 all these combat roles were ended in all armies, and the experiences were forgotten.〔Nancy Loring Goldman, ed. ''Female Soldiers--Combatants or Noncombatants? Historical and Contemporary Perspectives'' (1982).〕
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